Indicators in this domain assess the extent to which migrants have the same status as citizens in terms of access to basic social services such as health, education, and social security. It also describes the rights of migrants to family reunification, to work, and to residency and citizenship. The ratification of the main international conventions is also included within this domain.
Indicators in this category look at the extent to which migrants have access to certain social services such as health, education and social security. They also examine measures to ensure integration and access to work.
Indicators in this domain assess countries’ institutional, legal, and regulatory frameworks related to migration policies. Domain 2 also reviews the existence of national migration strategies that are in-line with development, as well as institutional transparency and coherence in relation to migration management. This domain also investigates the extent to which governments collect and use migration data.
Indicators in this category assess the institutional frameworks of cities for migration. This area also examines the existence of migration strategies consistent with development objectives, as well as institutional transparency and coherence in migration management.
This domain focuses on countries’ efforts to cooperate on migration-related issues with other states and with relevant non-governmental actors, including civil society organizations and the private sector. Cooperation can lead to improvements in governance by aligning and raising standards, increasing dialogue and providing structures to overcome challenges.
Indicators in this category focus on cities’ efforts to cooperate on migration issues with the national government as well as other cities and relevant non-governmental actors, including civil society organizations and the private sector.
This domain includes indicators on countries’ policies for managing the socioeconomic well-being of migrants, through aspects such as the recognition of migrants’ educational and professional qualifications, provisions regulating student migration and the existence of bilateral labour agreements between countries. Indicators equally focus on policies and strategies related to diaspora engagement and migrant remittances.
Indicators in this category assess cities’ initiatives in terms of international student mobility, access to the labour market and decent working conditions for migrant workers. Aspects related to diaspora engagement and migrant remittances are also included in this domain.
This domain studies the type and level of preparedness of countries when they are faced with mobility dimensions of crises, linked to either disasters, the environment and/or conflict. The questions are used to identify the processes in place for nationals and non-nationals both during and after disasters, including whether humanitarian assistance is equally available to migrants as it is to citizens.
Indicators in this category examine the type and level of readiness of cities to deal with aspects of mobility crises. The questions focus on the processes in place for citizens and non-citizens both during and after disasters, especially if humanitarian assistance is available for migrants and citizens.
This domain analyses countries’ approach to migration management in terms of border control and enforcement policies, admission criteria for migrants, preparedness and resilience in the case of significant and unexpected migration flows, as well as the fight against trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants. It also assesses efforts and incentives to help integrate returning citizens.
Indicators in this category look at the cities’ approaches to migrant safety as well as return and reintegration policies and the fight against trafficking in persons.
This country Profile describes examples of well-developed areas of The Republic of Rwanda (hereafter referred to as Rwanda) migration governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated through the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimensions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.
Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.
The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with research and analysis from the Economist Intelligence Unit. Funding is provided by IOM Member States.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Migrants with regular status have equal access to social protection as nationals.
- Rwanda implements the provisions on portability of social security benefits within the East African Community (EAC) Common Market Protocol for Movement of Labour.
- All Rwandans – regardless of the country they live in – have the right to vote in national elections.
Areas with potential for further development:
- Migrants covered by the mandatory health insurance or upon full payment of fees may access public health-care services.
- Migrants do not have equal access to Government-funded education as nationals.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Rwanda’s National Migration Policy and Strategies was developed in consultation with various ministries and other stakeholders.
- The Rwanda Community Abroad Unit, under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation provides information on visas and residence permits requirements for the diaspora.
- The Rwanda Directorate-General of Immigration and Emigration’s website provides easy access to all laws pertaining to migration as well as visa options, requirements and application processes.
Areas with potential for further development:
- Rwanda does not yet have an interministerial coordination mechanism on migration.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Rwanda engages in negotiations and discussions on migration issues with various regional bodies, including the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and the African Union (AU).
- Rwanda signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on the recruitment of Rwandans by private-sector firms in the UAE.
- The Government of Rwanda engages members of its diaspora in policy development and implementation on an annual basis.
Areas with potential for further development:
- Rwanda only engages civil society organizations (CSOs) and the private sector in agenda-setting or the implementation of migration-related issues on an ad hoc basis.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Rwanda has multiple programmes to attract migrants with specific skill sets and minimize administrative barriers for the employment of skilled migrants in Rwanda.
- The country monitors the labour market demand for immigrants through the Occupations in Demand List.
- The National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda collects and publishes data on migration and the labour market through the quarterly Labour Force Survey.
Areas with potential for further development:
- Rwanda does not have a national assessment for monitoring the effects of emigrants on the domestic labour market.
- Rwanda does not actively promote the creation of formal remittance schemes.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The National Disaster Management Policy and the National Disaster Risk Management Plan require that essential provisions and services be provided to displaced populations.
- The National Contingency Plan for Population Influx includes measures to manage large-scale population movements in times of crisis.
- Sector Disaster Management Committees at the local level implement risk reduction programmes through the engagement of all community members, including migrants.
Areas with potential for further development:
- The National Disaster Management Policy does not mention migrants specifically.
- The various national contingency plans and National Disaster Management Policy do not promote the sustainable reintegration of migrants who have fled the country during crisis.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Irembo platform offers civil registration services for nationals, as well as immigration and emigration services such as registration for citizenship, visas and permits applications.
- Border staff receive regular training from the Directorate-General of Immigration and Emigration’s specialized training unit and international organizations.
- The National Migration Policy and Strategies and the Diaspora Policy include measures to attract the diaspora back to the country and encourage their contribution to Rwanda’s development.
Areas with potential for further development:
- The One UN Sustainable Return and Reintegration of Rwandan Returnees Joint Programme is inactive since 2014.
