About the Migration Governance Indicators
About the Migration Governance Indicators
Migrants' rights
Migrants' rights

Indicators in this domain assess the extent to which migrants have the same status as citizens in terms of access to basic social services such as health, education, and social security. It also describes the rights of migrants to family reunification, to work, and to residency and citizenship. The ratification of the main international conventions is also included within this domain.

Indicators in this category look at the extent to which migrants have access to certain social services such as health, education and social security. They also examine measures to ensure integration and access to work.

Whole of government approach
Whole of government approach

Indicators in this domain assess countries’ institutional, legal, and regulatory frameworks related to migration policies. Domain 2 also reviews the existence of national migration strategies that are in-line with development, as well as institutional transparency and coherence in relation to migration management. This domain also investigates the extent to which governments collect and use migration data.

Indicators in this category assess the institutional frameworks of cities for migration. This area also examines the existence of migration strategies consistent with development objectives, as well as institutional transparency and coherence in migration management.

Partnerships
Partnerships

This domain focuses on countries’ efforts to cooperate on migration-related issues with other states and with relevant non-governmental actors, including civil society organizations and the private sector. Cooperation can lead to improvements in governance by aligning and raising standards, increasing dialogue and providing structures to overcome challenges.

Indicators in this category focus on cities’ efforts to cooperate on migration issues with the national government as well as other cities and relevant non-governmental actors, including civil society organizations and the private sector.

Well-being of migrants
Well-being of migrants

This domain includes indicators on countries’ policies for managing the socioeconomic well-being of migrants, through aspects such as the recognition of migrants’ educational and professional qualifications, provisions regulating student migration and the existence of bilateral labour agreements between countries. Indicators equally focus on policies and strategies related to diaspora engagement and migrant remittances.

Indicators in this category assess cities’ initiatives in terms of international student mobility, access to the labour market and decent working conditions for migrant workers. Aspects related to diaspora engagement and migrant remittances are also included in this domain.

Mobility dimensions of crises
Mobility dimensions of crises

This domain studies the type and level of preparedness of countries when they are faced with mobility dimensions of crises, linked to either disasters, the environment and/or conflict. The questions are used to identify the processes in place for nationals and non-nationals both during and after disasters, including whether humanitarian assistance is equally available to migrants as it is to citizens.

Indicators in this category examine the type and level of readiness of cities to deal with aspects of mobility crises. The questions focus on the processes in place for citizens and non-citizens both during and after disasters, especially if humanitarian assistance is available for migrants and citizens.

Safe, orderly and regular migration
Safe, orderly and regular migration

This domain analyses countries’ approach to migration management in terms of border control and enforcement policies, admission criteria for migrants, preparedness and resilience in the case of significant and unexpected migration flows, as well as the fight against trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants. It also assesses efforts and incentives to help integrate returning citizens.

Indicators in this category look at the cities’ approaches to migrant safety as well as return and reintegration policies and the fight against trafficking in persons.

Key findings
INTRODUCTION

This country Profile describes examples of well-developed areas of The Republic of Tajikistan (hereafter referred to as Tajikistan) migration governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated through the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimensions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.

Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.

The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with research and analysis from the Economist Intelligence Unit. Funding is provided by IOM Member States. 

Key findings
MIGRANTS' RIGHTS

Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas:

  • Migrants have the same rights as nationals in accessing State health services.
  • Foreign citizens and stateless persons with permanent residency in Tajikistan have the right to receive social protection.
  • All temporary migrants residing regularly in the country may obtain permanent residency under equal conditions.

Areas with potential for further development: 

  • Only citizens of Tajikistan can be employed in the civil service, military, and police or be elected to legislative, executive, and judicial bodies.
  • Tajikistan does not have a policy or strategy to combat hate crimes, violence, xenophobia or discrimination against migrants.
Key findings
WHOLE OF GOVERNMENT APPROACH

Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas:

  • The State enterprise Agency for Employment Abroad identifies labour prospects abroad for Tajik nationals.
  • The Inter-ministerial Commission for Regulating of Migration Processes acts as a coordination mechanism and includes representatives from several concerned ministries.
  • The Ministry of Labour, Migration and Employment of the Population identifies national needs and capacity for migrant labour.
  • Tajikistan collects and publishes migration data disaggregated by gender, education and country of origin/destination on a regular basis. 

Areas with potential for further development:

  • The Ministry of Labour, Migration and Employment of the Population is leading the finalisation of the draft Law on Labour Migration as of April 2021.
Key findings
PARTNERSHIPS

Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas:

  • Tajikistan is a member of the Prague Process and the Almaty Process on Refugee Protection and International Migration. 
  • The country has a bilateral working group with the Russian Federation that meets biannually to discuss migration issues.
  • Diaspora organizations discuss issues such as the protection of migrants and their families during the annual national forums on Engaging Diaspora for the Economic Development of the country organized by the Ministry of Labour, Migration and Employment of the Population.  

Areas with potential for further development: 

  • Tajikistan only engages civil society organizations (CSOs) and the private sector in agenda-setting or the implementation of migration-related issues on an ad hoc basis.
Key findings
WELL-BEING OF MIGRANTS

Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas:

  • The Labour and Employment Agency and the Migration Service monitor labour market demand for immigrants, domestic labour supply and effects of emigrants on the labour market through joint quarterly job fairs.
  • Tajikistan has formalized criteria for recognizing foreign qualifications. 
  • The Law on Licensing for Specific Types of Activity and the Regulation on the Specifics of Licensing Certain Types of Activities require companies to be licensed in order to ethically recruit migrant workers.

Areas with potential for further development:  

  • All labour migrants are covered under one visa category, regardless of the sector in which they are working or their specific labour skills.
  • Tajikistan does not have specific measures to promote gender equality for migrants in the labour force.
Key findings
MOBILITY DIMENSION OF CRISES

Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas:

  • The Evacuation Committee is responsible for managing large-scale population movements in times of crisis. 
  • The Law on Protection of the Population and Territories from Natural and Man-Made Disasters explicitly states that foreign citizens and stateless persons in Tajikistan are covered by its provisions.

Areas with potential for further development: 

  • Tajikistan’s National Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy for 2019–2030 does not have specific provisions for addressing the displacement impact of disasters.
  • Tajikistan does not have strategies in place for addressing migratory movements caused by the adverse effects of climate change.
Key findings
SAFE, ORDERLY AND REGULAR MIGRATION

Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas:

  • Border staff receive regular specialized trainings related to immigration and border control. 
  • Tajikistan has a dedicated reintegration centre for returning migrants, offering individual consultations, assessing professional skills and assisting with employment opportunities.
  • The Law on Combating Human Trafficking and Providing Support to Victims of Human Trafficking defines the legal status of victims and outlines measures for their protection and support.

Areas with potential for further development: 

  • Tajikistan does not have a policy or strategy to ensure that migrant detention is used only as a measure of last resort.

2021 April

Migration Governance Profile: The Republic of Tajikistan