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Migration Governance Snapshots

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Migration policies and governance

The growing interest in comparative analyses of migration has led to a variety of attempts to assess and compare countries’ migration policies and governance, including immigration, emigration and integration. This effort is now also enshrined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In SDG target 10.7., United Nations (UN) Member States commit to facilitate by 2030 the “orderly, safe, and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies” (UN, 2015). Data that assess migration policies are commonly based on experts’ evaluations of existing laws and regulations and provide insight into aspects of countries’ governance. However, these data are limited because individual data sources, mostly migration policy indices, do not cover all policy aspects where migration is implicated. Data on migration governance also mostly focus on certain regions or time periods. Although this page focuses on data that assess migration policies, it is important to note that data that inform policy making on migration are also limited.

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Migration data sources

The demands for migration data arising from the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development have prompted the international statistical community to review the use of traditional sources for migration data, such as population and housing censuses, household surveys and administrative records. There is also increased interest in looking for alternative sources to enhance the collection and analysis of migration data. The better use and understanding of existing data sources are essential to improve migration management and policy. Information about migration comes from a variety of data sources that have strengths and limitations and can be used to produce different migration statistics.

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Public opinion on migration

Surveys of public opinion on migration are common in many countries. Typically, these polls tend to ask questions about the population’s general views on immigration and immigrants. Public opinion on migration can shape and influence migration policy, although the public may not have an accurate understanding of the number and type of migrants residing in their country. Some evidence suggests it is policy that drives public opinion on migration. Public opinion on migration may also influence the degree to which a migrant integrates into their receiving community. Data on public opinion on migration can be a useful indicator of how open receiving societies are towards immigration and ethnic diversity and can sometimes also indicate different attitudes than what the media suggest.

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GCM Development process

On 19 September 2016, Heads of State and Government from the 193 UN Member States came together at the UN General Assembly to discuss topics related to migration and refugees at the global level. The adoption of the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants recognized the need for a comprehensive approach to migration. As a result, UN Member States agreed to cooperate in the elaboration of a Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM), which was adopted at an intergovernmental conference on international migration on 10-11 December 2018 in Morocco. The New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants also set in motion a separate negotiation process for the Global Compact on Refugees.

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Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Helpdesk

The SDG Help Desk is a one-stop online service providing access to tools, knowledge products, expertise, advice and opportunities for peer-learning and regional South-South cooperation through thematic areas, covering a multitude of topics.

Developed by ESCAP in partnership with ESCWA and OICT, the website includes an e-library, interactive e-learning courses, expert advisory service, online forums and tools and guidance to support policy makers in the implementation of the SDGs.

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PARiS21 Database on Developing Innovative Solutions for Statistics

To respond to the increasing demand on countries to produce and make available faster and cheaper high-quality data, PARIS21 has developed selected innovative tools to help data agencies in developing countries better respond to the changing data ecosystem. This online database provides access to the guidelines, tools, resources and overall capacity building documentation developed by PARIS21 to improve access to quality household survey microdata.

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PARiS21 Knowledge Database

PARiS21 (Partnership in statistics for development in the 21st century) is a global forum and network of statisticians, analysts, policy-makers, development professionals and other users of statistics which works to promote the better use and production of statistics throughout the developing world.

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The G20 and migration

The G20 countries are at the centre of not only global economic governance, but also global migration governance. They play a leading role as their policy responses to migration challenges and opportunities affect migrants, countries of origin, transit and destination, and the world economy. Data on G20 countries show the extent to which migration affects the G20’s demographic and socioeconomic spheres, but data limitations hamper more robust research that could allow policymakers to fully harness the economic potential of migration and formulate policies to promote safe, orderly and regular migration. In light of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda and the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, G20 leadership on more comprehensive, timely, and comparable migration data is essential.

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Statistics for SDG indicator 10.7.1: Draft Guidelines for their Collection

Goal 10.7 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) calls for facilitating orderly, safe, and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through implementation of planned and well- managed migration policies. The objective of this document is to provide guidelines that may assist those aiming to produce the statistics needed to calculate SDG indicator 10.7.1, “Recruitment cost borne by employee as a proportion of monthly income earned in country of destination.”