Indicators in this domain assess the extent to which migrants have the same status as citizens in terms of access to basic social services such as health, education, and social security. It also describes the rights of migrants to family reunification, to work, and to residency and citizenship. The ratification of the main international conventions is also included within this domain.
Indicators in this category look at the extent to which migrants have access to certain social services such as health, education and social security. They also examine measures to ensure integration and access to work.
Indicators in this domain assess countries’ institutional, legal, and regulatory frameworks related to migration policies. Domain 2 also reviews the existence of national migration strategies that are in-line with development, as well as institutional transparency and coherence in relation to migration management. This domain also investigates the extent to which governments collect and use migration data.
Indicators in this category assess the institutional frameworks of cities for migration. This area also examines the existence of migration strategies consistent with development objectives, as well as institutional transparency and coherence in migration management.
This domain focuses on countries’ efforts to cooperate on migration-related issues with other states and with relevant non-governmental actors, including civil society organizations and the private sector. Cooperation can lead to improvements in governance by aligning and raising standards, increasing dialogue and providing structures to overcome challenges.
Indicators in this category focus on cities’ efforts to cooperate on migration issues with the national government as well as other cities and relevant non-governmental actors, including civil society organizations and the private sector.
This domain includes indicators on countries’ policies for managing the socioeconomic well-being of migrants, through aspects such as the recognition of migrants’ educational and professional qualifications, provisions regulating student migration and the existence of bilateral labour agreements between countries. Indicators equally focus on policies and strategies related to diaspora engagement and migrant remittances.
Indicators in this category assess cities’ initiatives in terms of international student mobility, access to the labour market and decent working conditions for migrant workers. Aspects related to diaspora engagement and migrant remittances are also included in this domain.
This domain studies the type and level of preparedness of countries when they are faced with mobility dimensions of crises, linked to either disasters, the environment and/or conflict. The questions are used to identify the processes in place for nationals and non-nationals both during and after disasters, including whether humanitarian assistance is equally available to migrants as it is to citizens.
Indicators in this category examine the type and level of readiness of cities to deal with aspects of mobility crises. The questions focus on the processes in place for citizens and non-citizens both during and after disasters, especially if humanitarian assistance is available for migrants and citizens.
This domain analyses countries’ approach to migration management in terms of border control and enforcement policies, admission criteria for migrants, preparedness and resilience in the case of significant and unexpected migration flows, as well as the fight against trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants. It also assesses efforts and incentives to help integrate returning citizens.
Indicators in this category look at the cities’ approaches to migrant safety as well as return and reintegration policies and the fight against trafficking in persons.
This country Profile describes examples of well-developed areas of the Ukraine governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated through the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimensions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.
Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.
The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with research and analysis from the Economist Impact. Funding is provided by IOM Member States.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Family reunification is possible for all foreigners legally residing in Ukraine that prove sufficient financial means to support the incoming family members.
- Non-nationals temporarily or permanently residing in Ukraine have equal access to self-employment as Ukrainian nationals
- In June 2020, the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights established a Coordination Сouncil for Protection of Immigrants’ Rights.
Areas with potential for further development
- Access to health care depends on the resident status of the migrant.
- Ukrainian labour market regulations distinguish the employment processes for permanent and temporary residents, asylum seekers, and applicants for recognition as stateless persons
- Only persons residing in Ukraine on a permanent basis are entitled to pension and social protection benefits.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- In December 2020, the Government signed a memorandum of understanding with the Ukrainian World Congress, an international coordination structure with Ukrainian diaspora civil society organizations.
- The National Human Rights Strategy approved in March 2021 is aligned with the State Migration Policy Strategy and aims to include migrants’ rights among Ukraine’s human rights priorities.
- The National Youth Strategy until 2030 (2021) accounts for migration issues by ensuring the involvement of young people (including young migrants) in the social, economic and cultural life of Ukraine.
- The Integrated Border Management Strategy for 2020–2025 (2019) takes into consideration the challenges posed by irregular migration and aims to ensure regular crossings over the State border.
Areas with potential for further development
- Not all the key national policy strategies comprehensively address migration issues.
- Key national migration strategies lack specific measures to combat gender discrimination in migration.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The country participates in several regional consultative forums on migration, including the Budapest and Prague Processes and the Eastern Partnership Panel on Migration, Mobility and Integrated Border Management.
- In 2020, Ukraine signed a memorandum of understanding with Finland to promote cooperation on migration questions, improve communication, and deepen ties between the migration agencies of both countries.
- The Government engages in both national and regional consultations with civil society on citizenship acquisition, legalization of migrants in an irregular situation, and access to civil documentation for internally displaced persons, among others.
Areas with potential for further development:
- Ukraine is not a party to any regional agreement promoting labour mobility.
- The country has no designated forum for private sector engagement on migration issues on a permanent basis.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Government of Ukraine is pursuing immigration quotas for different migrant categories to satisfy the needs of the labour market through immigration.
- Labour Force of Ukraine 2020 (2021) includes data on the composition of the foreign-born labour force by place of birth and length of residence in Ukraine
- Migrants and their families have access to a wide range of financial services in Ukraine, including opening bank accounts remotely from abroad.
Areas with potential for further development
- Foreign students do not have the right to work during or after their studies in Ukraine.
- Ukraine has no measures aimed specifically at the ethical recruitment of migrants.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Migrants have the same rights as citizens in crisis situations; though they are not specifically addressed in national legislation regulating emergency response.
- The State Strategy for Regional Development for 2021–2027 (2020) addresses the integration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) into communities
- The National Human Rights Strategy (2021) aims to protect the rights of IDPs by creating conditions for their integration.
Areas with potential for further development
- The Government has not developed legislation or a strategy on emergency management that accounts for migration issues or large-scale displacement.
- Vulnerabilities of migrants are not explicitly accounted for by the legislation or by-laws regulating communication in times of crisis.
- The reintegration of returning migrants who fled the country during a crisis is not a part of the key migration policy strategies.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The State Migration Policy Strategy (2017) aims to establish alternative measures to the detention of migrants. The Integrated Border Management Strategy for 2020–2025 (2019) cites the promotion of alternative methods of detention as one of its tasks.
- The Constitution and the Labour Code of Ukraine prohibit forced labour but do not specifically address migrant labour exploitation.
- Employees of the State Employment Service and consular staff of diplomatic missions undergo training on the identification and prevention of trafficking and labour exploitation.
- The Commission on the Issues of Persons Gone Missing under Special Circumstances (2019) acts as a coordinator of the activities of State bodies authorized to register and search for persons gone missing in special circumstances, including migrants.
Areas with potential for further development
- The State Migration Policy Strategy outlines conditions for the voluntary return of Ukrainian emigrants and its Action Plan for implementation (2018–2021) focuses mainly on the reintegration of working emigrants.
2021 November
