Indicators in this domain assess the extent to which migrants have the same status as citizens in terms of access to basic social services such as health, education, and social security. It also describes the rights of migrants to family reunification, to work, and to residency and citizenship. The ratification of the main international conventions is also included within this domain.
Indicators in this category look at the extent to which migrants have access to certain social services such as health, education and social security. They also examine measures to ensure integration and access to work.
Indicators in this domain assess countries’ institutional, legal, and regulatory frameworks related to migration policies. Domain 2 also reviews the existence of national migration strategies that are in-line with development, as well as institutional transparency and coherence in relation to migration management. This domain also investigates the extent to which governments collect and use migration data.
Indicators in this category assess the institutional frameworks of cities for migration. This area also examines the existence of migration strategies consistent with development objectives, as well as institutional transparency and coherence in migration management.
This domain focuses on countries’ efforts to cooperate on migration-related issues with other states and with relevant non-governmental actors, including civil society organizations and the private sector. Cooperation can lead to improvements in governance by aligning and raising standards, increasing dialogue and providing structures to overcome challenges.
Indicators in this category focus on cities’ efforts to cooperate on migration issues with the national government as well as other cities and relevant non-governmental actors, including civil society organizations and the private sector.
This domain includes indicators on countries’ policies for managing the socioeconomic well-being of migrants, through aspects such as the recognition of migrants’ educational and professional qualifications, provisions regulating student migration and the existence of bilateral labour agreements between countries. Indicators equally focus on policies and strategies related to diaspora engagement and migrant remittances.
Indicators in this category assess cities’ initiatives in terms of international student mobility, access to the labour market and decent working conditions for migrant workers. Aspects related to diaspora engagement and migrant remittances are also included in this domain.
This domain studies the type and level of preparedness of countries when they are faced with mobility dimensions of crises, linked to either disasters, the environment and/or conflict. The questions are used to identify the processes in place for nationals and non-nationals both during and after disasters, including whether humanitarian assistance is equally available to migrants as it is to citizens.
Indicators in this category examine the type and level of readiness of cities to deal with aspects of mobility crises. The questions focus on the processes in place for citizens and non-citizens both during and after disasters, especially if humanitarian assistance is available for migrants and citizens.
This domain analyses countries’ approach to migration management in terms of border control and enforcement policies, admission criteria for migrants, preparedness and resilience in the case of significant and unexpected migration flows, as well as the fight against trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants. It also assesses efforts and incentives to help integrate returning citizens.
Indicators in this category look at the cities’ approaches to migrant safety as well as return and reintegration policies and the fight against trafficking in persons.
This local Profile describes examples of well-developed migration governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated through the six domains of the Local Migration Governance Indicators (MGI), in the City of Foz do Iguaçu (Brazil). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimensions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.
Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.
The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with research and analysis from the Economist Impact. Funding is provided by IOM Member States.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Protocol of Assistance to Migrants in Situations of Vulnerability (2018) of Foz do Iguaçu includes recommendations on providing medical care to migrants in situations of vulnerability.
- The Education Secretariat of Foz do Iguaçu includes English and Spanish in the school curriculum and provides foreign language courses to train interpreters in facilitating communication between migrants and public service providers.
- The Committee for the Protection of Migrants, Refugees and Stateless Persons to formulates and articulates guidelines for governmental actions to protect migrants.
- The Protocol of Assistance to Migrants in Situations of Vulnerability provides clear guidance on measures for combating discriminatory practices towards migrants in the provision of services.
- Foz do Iguaçu’s social housing programme includes migrants as one of the targeted population.
Areas with potential for further development
- The provision of regular capacity-building sessions for public servants on migrants’ rights is an area for development to ensure the fulfilment of migrants’ rights throughout all public services.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Local Human Rights and Community Relations Secretariat established in 2019 is responsible for the development, promotion and implementation of human rights policies, including for the protection of migrants, within the local government.
- The Committee for the Protection of Migrants, Refugees and Stateless Persons (established in 2019) is responsible for the formulation and coordination of policies and activities to promote the rights and inclusion of migrants, refugees and statelessness persons at the local level.
Areas with potential for further development
- Foz do Iguaçu does not currently have a defined migration strategy set out in a programmatic document.
- There is no dedicated body for coordinating efforts to engage with the diaspora groups present within Foz do Iguaçu.
- Local authorities do not publish data about migration and migration-related issues.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Local authorities in Foz do Iguaçu formally engage members of civil society organizations (CSOs) and academia in migration-related policies and programmes.
- In 2019, the Local Social Assistance Secretariat supported the establishment of the Venezuelan Migrants Association and provides support to its functioning and activities.
- The municipality works in cooperation with the Paraguayan authorities in ad hoc situations, especially for the repatriation of homeless women with children.
Areas with potential for further development
- The city of Foz do Iguaçu is not part of any international network for knowledge or best practices exchange on migration issues.
- Local authorities do not formally engage members of diaspora and expatriate communities in agenda-setting and the implementation of migration-related programmes and policies.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Local authorities implement specific programmes to promote and facilitate the inclusion of migrant workers in the workforce.
- Foz do Iguaçu authorities implement programmes to help foreign residents’ access private-sector employment.
- There are measures to facilitate migrant women’s access to the local labour market, such as the Entrepreneurship House.
Areas with potential for further development
- There are currently no programmes that promote the ethical recruitment of migrant workers in Foz do Iguaçu.
- Foz do Iguaçu lacks assessments for monitoring the local labour supply and the effects of emigration on the local labour market.
- The development of financial inclusion programmes by the municipality is an area with potential for further improvement.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Local Civil Protection Coordination is responsible for the prevention of and response to natural disasters for all citizens.
- In case of disasters, assistance is available to everyone affected, regardless of nationality or migratory status.
Areas with potential for further development
- The communication systems to receive information on the evolving nature of crises in Foz do Iguaçu do not take into account the specific needs of migrants during disaster situations.
- Foz do Iguaçu does not have a strategy in place to address climate-change-induced migration.
- Foz do Iguaçu government lacks coordination agreements or partnerships with key actors (such as consulates) to assist migrants in the city in the event of local emergencies.
SAFE, ORDERLY AND DIGNIFIED MIGRATION
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- There are local level initiatives to encourage migrants to access the justice system.
- Local authorities have introduced various measures to combat human trafficking, such as The Protocol of Assistance to Migrants in Situations of Vulnerability.
- The Technical Chamber for Combating Human Trafficking of Foz holds annual meetings on human trafficking, including trafficking of children and sexual exploitation.
- Since 2020, Foz do Iguaçu has been part of the Eurofront programme, which contributes to security and protection of human rights, by supporting the fight against human trafficking and smuggling of migrants.
Areas with potential for further development
- Foz do Iguaçu does not have any measures in place to combat migrant labour exploitation.
- Local authorities do not publish information on their counter-trafficking activities on a regular basis.
