Socioeconomic Integration of Venezuelan Migrants and Refugees: The Cases of Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
At least 4.6 million Venezuelan migrants and refugees are living in other Latin American and Caribbean countries, with many having moved since 2015 as political and economic conditions in Venezuela deteriorated. As it has become clear that many of the displaced will remain abroad for an extended period, if not permanently, focus has begun to shift from the provision of humanitarian aid for new arrivals to include facilitating their integration into receiving-country labor markets, health-care and education systems, and local communities.
To examine the socioeconomic integration of Venezuelan migrants and refugees, this report analyzes data from the International Organization for Migration’s Displacement Tracking Matrix, as well as a variety of other surveys and studies. This report offers a sociodemographic profile of Venezuelans in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, which together host more than 70 percent of the total Venezuelan migrant and refugee population worldwide. It also explores several key dimensions of integration for Venezuelans in the five countries—levels of economic inclusion, education, access to health care, and social cohesion.
In considering these dimensions of integration, the report looks at how conditions have changed since 2017, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the report identifies gaps in existing data and research, and opportunities to design policies that support Venezuelans’ integration—something that promises to benefit receiving communities as well as individual migrants and refugees.