Indikatoren in dieser Dimension analysieren, inwieweit Migrantinnen und Migranten hinsichtlich des Zugangs zu grundlegenden sozialen Diensten wie Gesundheit, Bildung und soziale Sicherheit den gleichen Status wie Bürgerinnen und Bürger haben. Es beschreibt die Rechte von Migrantinnen und Migranten auf Familienzusammenführung, Arbeit, Aufenthalt und Staatsbürgerschaft. Die Ratifizierung der wichtigsten internationalen Konventionen fällt ebenfalls in diesen Bereich.main.
Indikatoren in dieser Dimension bewerten die institutionellen, rechtlichen und regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen der Länder im Zusammenhang mit Migrationspolitik. Dimension 2 beinhaltet auch das Vorhandensein von nationalen Migrationsstrategien, die mit Entwicklungspolitik und -ansätzen im Einklang stehen, sowie die institutionelle Transparenz und Kohärenz in Bezug auf Migrationsmanagement. In diesem Bereich wird auch untersucht, inwieweit Regierungen Migrationsdaten erheben und verwenden.
Diese Dimension konzentriert sich auf die Bemühungen von Ländern, in migrationsbezogenen Fragen mit anderen Staaten und einschlägigen nichstaatlichen Akteuren, einschließlich Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft und des Privatsektors, zusammenzuarbeiten. Kooperation kann zu Verbesserungen der Regierungsführung führen, indem Standards angeglichen und angehoben, der Dialog intensiviert und Strukturen der Bewältigung von Herausforderungen geschaffen werden.
Diese Dimension umfasst Indikatoren für die Politik der Länder zur Steuerung des sozioökonomischen Wohlergehens von Migrantinnen und Migranten, z.B. die Anerkennung der Bildungs- und Berufsqualifikationen von Migrantinnen und Migranten, Bestimmungen zur Regelung der Studentenmigration und das Bestehen bilateraler Arbeitsabkommen zwischen Ländern. Die Indikatoren konzentrieren sich gleichermaßen auf Maßnahmen und Strategien im Zusammenhang mit dem Engagement der Diasporamitglieder und den grenzüberschreitenden Geldtransfers von Migrantinnen und Migranten
Diese Dimension befasst sich mit der Art und dem Grad der Bereitschaft von Ländern, wenn sie mit Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen konfrontiert sind, die entweder mit Katastrophen, der Umwelt und/oder Konflikten zusammenhängen. Die Fragen werden verwendet, um die Prozesse für Staatsangehörige und Ausländer sowohl während als auch Katastrophen zu ermitteln, einschließlich der Frage, ob humanitäre Hilfe für Migrantinnen und Migranten genauso verfügbar ist wir für Bürgerinnen und Bürger.
Diese Dimension analysiert den Ansatz der Länder zum Migrationsmanagement bezüglich Grenzkontroll- und Grenzschutzmaßnahmen, Zulassungsvoraussetzungen für Migranten, Vorbereitung und Flexibilität bei erheblichen und unerwarteten Wanderungsbewegungen sowie die Bekämpfung des Menschenhandels und des Menschenschmuggels von Migrantinnen und Migranten. Es werden auch die Bemühungen und Anreize zur Unterstützung der Integration der zurückkehrenden Staatsbürgerinnen und -burger bewertet.
This country Profile describes examples of well-developed areas of Canada’s migration governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated through the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimensions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.
Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.
The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with research and analysis from the Economist Intelligence Unit. Funding is provided by IOM Member States.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Canada offers a broad range of permanent and temporary pathways for work, study and family reunification as well as humanitarian pathways (resettlement and asylum programmes).
- Immigrants with permanent residence visas, including those who have come to Canada as resettled refugees, have the same access to the labour market and social security benefits as Canadian citizens.
- Health-care coverage for temporary residents depends on their legal status and length of stay and varies across provinces and territories.
Areas with potential for further development:
- Canada has not ratified some international conventions related to migrant rights, such as the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Canada has established approaches to coordinate and consult with different levels of government on migration issues, such as the multilateral Forum of Ministers Responsible for Immigration.
- Canada plans the number of permanent residents to be admitted on an annual basis through the Immigration Levels Plan, which sets out targets and ranges for each immigration category.
- Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada collects administrative data from applicants, such as visitors, international students, temporary foreign workers, permanent residents and citizenship applicants, which is used for evidence-based policy development.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Canada engages regularly with Mexico through the High-level Dialogue on Mobility, a forum to exchange information and collaborate on issues of mutual interest and importance related to migration.
- Canada has reciprocal bilateral youth mobility arrangements with 35 countries and territories, to allow people between the ages of 18 and 35 to travel, reside and work in each other’s country.
- Government agencies formally engage with civil society through the Civil Society Partnerships Policy for International Assistance to gain insights from their experience on the ground to inform migration policies and programmes.
- The National Settlement and Integration Council is co-chaired by the federal Government and civil society and includes members from civil society and federal, provincial and territorial governments.
- Government agencies partner with private sector actors such as Chambers of Commerce and Immigrant Employment Councils to enhance migrants’ integration in the labour market by connecting Canadian employers with migrant workers.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Provincial Nominee Program allows Canadian provinces and territories (with the exception of Quebec and Nunavut, which have their own immigration programmes) to nominate individuals who wish to immigrate to Canada and are interested in settling in a particular province, to apply for permanent residence.
- Canada has three federal immigration programmes that target highly skilled migrants: the Federal Skilled Worker Program, Federal Skilled Trades Program and the Canadian Experience Class.
- Following graduation, eligible international students have the opportunity to work in Canada for up to three years through the Post-Graduation Work Permit Program.
Areas with potential for further development:
- There is no national standard for the recognition of foreign qualification.
- International students pay higher tuition fees at Canadian universities than students with Canadian citizenship or permanent resident status.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Plan for the Movement of People and Goods During and Following an Emergency establishes frameworks for how to prioritize and move displaced people in times of crisis and put the preservation of life, reduction of suffering and population health first, regardless of migration status.
- Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada may issue specific instructions to make exceptions to immigration procedures for migrants in the event of severe disasters in both countries of origin or in Canada and where warranted.
- Canada has launched the Global Refugee Sponsorship Initiative to share its experience and leadership in private sponsorship for resettlement with other countries.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada’s website clearly outlines visa options for potential immigrants, including researching options, submitting applications and documents, and paying fees.
- The Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada is an independent tribunal established by the Parliament of Canada to resolve immigration and refugee cases efficiently and fairly.
- The Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline is a multilingual, 24/7, toll-free service that allows survivors of sex and labour trafficking to easily access the services they need.
