Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik

Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten

Indikatoren in dieser Dimension analysieren, inwieweit Migrantinnen und Migranten hinsichtlich des Zugangs zu grundlegenden sozialen Diensten wie Gesundheit, Bildung und soziale Sicherheit den gleichen Status wie Bürgerinnen und Bürger haben. Es beschreibt die Rechte von Migrantinnen und Migranten auf Familienzusammenführung, Arbeit, Aufenthalt und Staatsbürgerschaft. Die Ratifizierung der wichtigsten internationalen Konventionen fällt ebenfalls in diesen Bereich.main.

Ganzer Regierungsansatz

Indikatoren in dieser Dimension bewerten die institutionellen, rechtlichen und regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen der Länder im Zusammenhang mit Migrationspolitik. Dimension 2 beinhaltet auch das Vorhandensein von nationalen Migrationsstrategien, die mit Entwicklungspolitik und -ansätzen im Einklang stehen, sowie die institutionelle Transparenz und Kohärenz in Bezug auf Migrationsmanagement. In diesem Bereich wird auch untersucht, inwieweit Regierungen Migrationsdaten erheben und verwenden.

Partnerschaften

Diese Dimension konzentriert sich auf die Bemühungen von Ländern, in migrationsbezogenen Fragen mit anderen Staaten und einschlägigen nichstaatlichen Akteuren, einschließlich Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft und des Privatsektors, zusammenzuarbeiten. Kooperation kann zu Verbesserungen der Regierungsführung führen, indem Standards angeglichen und angehoben, der Dialog intensiviert und Strukturen der Bewältigung von Herausforderungen geschaffen werden.

Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten

Diese Dimension umfasst Indikatoren für die Politik der Länder zur Steuerung des sozioökonomischen Wohlergehens von Migrantinnen und Migranten, z.B. die Anerkennung der Bildungs- und Berufsqualifikationen von Migrantinnen und Migranten, Bestimmungen zur Regelung der Studentenmigration und das Bestehen bilateraler Arbeitsabkommen zwischen Ländern. Die Indikatoren konzentrieren sich gleichermaßen auf Maßnahmen und Strategien im Zusammenhang mit dem Engagement der Diasporamitglieder und den grenzüberschreitenden Geldtransfers von Migrantinnen und Migranten

Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen

Diese Dimension befasst sich mit der Art und dem Grad der Bereitschaft von Ländern, wenn sie mit Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen konfrontiert sind, die entweder mit Katastrophen, der Umwelt und/oder Konflikten zusammenhängen. Die Fragen werden verwendet, um die Prozesse für Staatsangehörige und Ausländer sowohl während als auch Katastrophen zu ermitteln, einschließlich der Frage, ob humanitäre Hilfe für Migrantinnen und Migranten genauso verfügbar ist wir für Bürgerinnen und Bürger.

Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration

Diese Dimension analysiert den Ansatz der Länder zum Migrationsmanagement bezüglich Grenzkontroll- und Grenzschutzmaßnahmen, Zulassungsvoraussetzungen für Migranten, Vorbereitung und Flexibilität bei erheblichen und unerwarteten Wanderungsbewegungen sowie die Bekämpfung des Menschenhandels und des Menschenschmuggels von Migrantinnen und Migranten. Es werden auch die Bemühungen und Anreize zur Unterstützung der Integration der zurückkehrenden Staatsbürgerinnen und -burger bewertet.

Key findings

Introduction

This country Profile describes examples of well-developed areas of the governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated through the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimensions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.

Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.

The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with research and analysis from the Economist Impact. Funding is provided by IOM Member States.

Key findings

Migrants' rights

Migration governance: Examples of well-developed areas

Moldovan citizens returning from abroad and foreigners registered as unemployed at the National Employment Agency (NEA) have a right to unemployment allowances.
Foreigners with the right of permanent residence, foreigners whose stateless status has been recognized, refugees and asylum seekers are entitled to equal access to the labour market and integration services as nationals.
Moldova signed bilateral agreements on social security issues with Belarus (2019), Greece (2021) and Italy (2021).

Areas with potential for further development:

The government lacks agreements on the portability of social benefits for Moldovan labour migrants and on access to disability pensions caused by labour accidents or professional disease for its nationals working abroad.
Moldovan citizens’ participation in elections from abroad is difficult due to the limited coverage by the consular networks.

Key findings

Whole of government approach

Migration governance: examples of well-developed areas

A Memorandum of Understanding on the implementation of the inter-institutional reference mechanism for (re)integration of returned Moldovan citizens was signed in 2018 by Moldovan local authorities.
The Diaspora Relations Bureau (DRB) coordinates cooperation efforts with the diaspora following the National Diaspora Strategy 2025 and the Action Plan for its implementation.
Migration issues are addressed in the Moldova 2030 National Strategy.
The Diaspora-Migration-Development online communication platform launched in August 2021 aims to strengthen multilateral partnerships between diaspora communities, government, central and local public authorities, academia, the private sector, the business environment, hometown associations, local communities and civil society.
The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) publishes annual migration data disaggregated by sex and age groups and the National Employment Agency (NEA) collects and publishes annually data on labor migration.

Key findings

Partnerships

Migration governance: Examples of well-developed areas

In 2020, Moldova conducted a voluntary national review in relation to the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration to assess its progress in implementing migration processes.
The Diaspora Relations Bureau regularly involves the Moldovan diaspora in public consultations on policy documents.
Moldova developed an innovative partnership model to involve migrants in the development of their native localities.

Areas with potential for further development:

Advancing negotiations on cooperation on human mobility issues (work, academic, etc.) with destination countries for Moldovan citizens.

Key findings

Well-being of migrants

Migration governance: Examples of well-developed areas

The Government approved in 2018 the list of priority jobs for which there is a local labor shortage and established the Labor Market Observatory to identify labor trends, including in the field of migration.
International students can work in the country after graduation if complying with the general conditions for granting the right of temporary residence.
Foreigners with the right to temporary residence while studying in the country are granted the right to work.
The Law on the promotion of employment and on unemployment insurance (2018) promotes the ethical recruitment of migrant workers and establishes rules for private recruitment agencies.

Areas with potential for further development:

There is no monitoring and coordination mechanism on the implementation of the strategy for ensuring equality between women and men in the Republic of Moldova and its Action Plan.

Key findings

Mobility dimensions of crises

Migration governance: Examples of well-developed areas

The National Bureau of Statistics produces data on emigration and immigration, with all movements recorded at entry and exit points.
In 2017, the Government approved the national mechanism for unitary and coherent management in the event of an increased influx of foreigners and established an Inter-agency Working Group to monitor and manage possible large-scale population movements in times of crisis.
The “Moldova 2030” development strategy (2020) includes objective 10, “ensuring the fundamental right to a healthy and safe environment”, and targets specific vulnerable groups of the population, including migrants.

Areas with potential for further development:

Mobility dimensions of environmental and climatic issues are not integrated within the draft National Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy.
The Automated centralized notification system of the Civil Protection and Emergency Situations Service is outdated.

Key findings

Safe, orderly and regular migration

Migration governance: Examples of well-developed areas

The government implements several projects to develop integrated tools to ensure information and data on migration and asylum can be accessed from a single source at the national level.
The National Strategy for Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Human Beings for 2018-2023 ensures the continuity of state policies to protect the rights of victims of human trafficking.
Moldova has signed cooperation agreements related to combating organized crime, smuggling, illicit trafficking in drugs and psychotropic substances, terrorism and other serious offences, as well as international and regional conventions and protocols in these areas.

Areas with potential for further development:

More active cooperation of the Government with civil society from the country and abroad in the field of migration
The development of reintegration services for returned migrants.

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