Indikatoren in dieser Dimension analysieren, inwieweit Migrantinnen und Migranten hinsichtlich des Zugangs zu grundlegenden sozialen Diensten wie Gesundheit, Bildung und soziale Sicherheit den gleichen Status wie Bürgerinnen und Bürger haben. Es beschreibt die Rechte von Migrantinnen und Migranten auf Familienzusammenführung, Arbeit, Aufenthalt und Staatsbürgerschaft. Die Ratifizierung der wichtigsten internationalen Konventionen fällt ebenfalls in diesen Bereich.main.
Indikatoren in dieser Dimension bewerten die institutionellen, rechtlichen und regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen der Länder im Zusammenhang mit Migrationspolitik. Dimension 2 beinhaltet auch das Vorhandensein von nationalen Migrationsstrategien, die mit Entwicklungspolitik und -ansätzen im Einklang stehen, sowie die institutionelle Transparenz und Kohärenz in Bezug auf Migrationsmanagement. In diesem Bereich wird auch untersucht, inwieweit Regierungen Migrationsdaten erheben und verwenden.
Diese Dimension konzentriert sich auf die Bemühungen von Ländern, in migrationsbezogenen Fragen mit anderen Staaten und einschlägigen nichstaatlichen Akteuren, einschließlich Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft und des Privatsektors, zusammenzuarbeiten. Kooperation kann zu Verbesserungen der Regierungsführung führen, indem Standards angeglichen und angehoben, der Dialog intensiviert und Strukturen der Bewältigung von Herausforderungen geschaffen werden.
Diese Dimension umfasst Indikatoren für die Politik der Länder zur Steuerung des sozioökonomischen Wohlergehens von Migrantinnen und Migranten, z.B. die Anerkennung der Bildungs- und Berufsqualifikationen von Migrantinnen und Migranten, Bestimmungen zur Regelung der Studentenmigration und das Bestehen bilateraler Arbeitsabkommen zwischen Ländern. Die Indikatoren konzentrieren sich gleichermaßen auf Maßnahmen und Strategien im Zusammenhang mit dem Engagement der Diasporamitglieder und den grenzüberschreitenden Geldtransfers von Migrantinnen und Migranten
Diese Dimension befasst sich mit der Art und dem Grad der Bereitschaft von Ländern, wenn sie mit Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen konfrontiert sind, die entweder mit Katastrophen, der Umwelt und/oder Konflikten zusammenhängen. Die Fragen werden verwendet, um die Prozesse für Staatsangehörige und Ausländer sowohl während als auch Katastrophen zu ermitteln, einschließlich der Frage, ob humanitäre Hilfe für Migrantinnen und Migranten genauso verfügbar ist wir für Bürgerinnen und Bürger.
Diese Dimension analysiert den Ansatz der Länder zum Migrationsmanagement bezüglich Grenzkontroll- und Grenzschutzmaßnahmen, Zulassungsvoraussetzungen für Migranten, Vorbereitung und Flexibilität bei erheblichen und unerwarteten Wanderungsbewegungen sowie die Bekämpfung des Menschenhandels und des Menschenschmuggels von Migrantinnen und Migranten. Es werden auch die Bemühungen und Anreize zur Unterstützung der Integration der zurückkehrenden Staatsbürgerinnen und -burger bewertet.
This country Profile describes examples of well-developed areas of the Republic of Namibia (hereafter referred to as Namibia) migration governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated through the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimensions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.
Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.
The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with research and analysis from the Economist Intelligence Unit. Funding is provided by IOM Member States.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Migrants with a regular migratory status have the same access as citizens to universal free primary and secondary education.
- Migrants with a regular status can access any private sector job and self-employment.
- All temporary residents can apply for a permanent residence permit in Namibia and there is no requirement for the applicant to have lived in Namibia for a certain length of time.
- There are three pathways to citizenship for migrants under the Namibian Constitution.
Areas with potential for further development
- According to the Hospitals and Health Facilities Act (1994), only citizens or permanent residents can access government-funded healthcare.
- Only citizens and permanent residents have access to social protection.
- Namibia does not have a specific policy or strategy in place to address hate crimes, violence, xenophobia and discrimination against migrants.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Ministry of Home Affairs, Immigration, Safety and Security developed and is responsible for coordinating implementation of the National Migration Policy (NMP) (2020).
- The NMP, and its implementation action plan (2020), seek to create a well-managed migration process that considers the needs, aspirations, concerns and possible benefits of movement of persons within, to and from Namibia.
- The NMP states the need to enact laws that clearly prescribe affirmative action for vulnerable groups of society, especially during and after migration.
- The Population and Housing Census includes questions on migration.
Areas with potential for further development
- The inter-ministerial National Committee for Migration Management does not meet regularly.
- Namibia has not yet developed a framework to formally include its diaspora in policy considerations.
- Namibia regularly collects administrative migration data, but these are not published.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Namibia is a member of the Pan-African Forum on Migration and also participates in the Migration Dialogue for Southern Africa.
- The country has Joint Permanent Commissions on Defence and Security with three neighbouring countries – Angola, South Africa and Zambia – to discuss defence and security issues, including immigration.
- Namibia engages civil society organizations on migration issues.
Areas with potential for further development
- Namibia engages with the private sector in agenda setting and implementation of migration-related issues only on an ad hoc basis.
- Namibia is not part of any regional agreement promoting labour mobility.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Immigration Selection Board under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Immigration, Safety and Security grants permits based on whether the applicant has the required skills, qualifications and experience in their specific field.
- The Labour Act No.11 (2007) establishes several measures to protect all workers, including migrants, against exploitation.
- The country has well-defined accreditation criteria to recognize foreign educational and professional qualifications through its National Qualifications Framework.
Areas with potential for further development
- The Namibia Integrated Employment Information System is not utilized to its full capacity for monitoring labour market demand for immigrants, domestic labour supply and the effects of emigrants on the domestic labour market.
- Namibia does not have specialized visa types to attract specific labour skills.
- The country is not actively involved in promoting the creation of formal remittance schemes.
- International students pay higher fees than citizens to access university education.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The National Disaster Risk Management Plan 2011 (NDRMP) makes provisions for ensuring that family ties are protected and family members are traced and reunited if separated during displacement.
- Namibia’s disaster communication systems policy takes into account the needs of all people, including migrants.
- Namibians abroad are able to voluntarily register at embassies or consulates, which provide consular and welfare services (such as repatriation) in cases of emergencies.
Areas with potential for further development
- The NDRMP, National Disaster Risk Management Policy (2009) and National Disaster Management Act (2012) do not contain specific measures to provide assistance to migrants before, during or post-crisis.
- The National Policy on Climate Change for Namibia (2011) does not address climate change-related migration, displacement or relocation.
- There are no specific measures to promote the sustainable reintegration of returning migrants who have fled the country during crises.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Namibia uses the advanced Electronic Border Management System to facilitate border control and monitor visa overstays.
- The Ministry of Home Affairs, Immigration, Safety and Security provides training on immigration laws and regulations for border staff upon recruitment.
- The Combating of Trafficking in Persons Act No.1 (2018) includes provisions to prosecute trafficking offences, prescribes penalties, and provides for the protection of and assistance to victims of trafficking, including child victims.
Areas with potential for further development
- Namibia does not have a specific policy or strategy to ensure that migrant detention is used only as a measure of last resort.
- There is no formal government programme or dedicated policy that focuses on facilitating the reintegration of returning nationals.
- Namibia does not have systems or formal cooperation agreements with other countries to trace and identify missing migrants within the national territory.
