Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik
Über die Indikatoren der Migrationspolitik
Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Die Rechte der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Indikatoren in dieser Dimension analysieren, inwieweit Migrantinnen und Migranten hinsichtlich des Zugangs zu grundlegenden sozialen Diensten wie Gesundheit, Bildung und soziale Sicherheit den gleichen Status wie Bürgerinnen und Bürger haben. Es beschreibt die Rechte von Migrantinnen und Migranten auf Familienzusammenführung, Arbeit, Aufenthalt und Staatsbürgerschaft. Die Ratifizierung der wichtigsten internationalen Konventionen fällt ebenfalls in diesen Bereich.main.
Ganzer Regierungsansatz
Ganzer Regierungsansatz
Indikatoren in dieser Dimension bewerten die institutionellen, rechtlichen und regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen der Länder im Zusammenhang mit Migrationspolitik. Dimension 2 beinhaltet auch das Vorhandensein von nationalen Migrationsstrategien, die mit Entwicklungspolitik und -ansätzen im Einklang stehen, sowie die institutionelle Transparenz und Kohärenz in Bezug auf Migrationsmanagement. In diesem Bereich wird auch untersucht, inwieweit Regierungen Migrationsdaten erheben und verwenden.
Partnerschaften
Partnerschaften
Diese Dimension konzentriert sich auf die Bemühungen von Ländern, in migrationsbezogenen Fragen mit anderen Staaten und einschlägigen nichstaatlichen Akteuren, einschließlich Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft und des Privatsektors, zusammenzuarbeiten. Kooperation kann zu Verbesserungen der Regierungsführung führen, indem Standards angeglichen und angehoben, der Dialog intensiviert und Strukturen der Bewältigung von Herausforderungen geschaffen werden.
Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Das Wohlergehen der Migrantinnen und Migranten
Diese Dimension umfasst Indikatoren für die Politik der Länder zur Steuerung des sozioökonomischen Wohlergehens von Migrantinnen und Migranten, z.B. die Anerkennung der Bildungs- und Berufsqualifikationen von Migrantinnen und Migranten, Bestimmungen zur Regelung der Studentenmigration und das Bestehen bilateraler Arbeitsabkommen zwischen Ländern. Die Indikatoren konzentrieren sich gleichermaßen auf Maßnahmen und Strategien im Zusammenhang mit dem Engagement der Diasporamitglieder und den grenzüberschreitenden Geldtransfers von Migrantinnen und Migranten
Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen
Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen
Diese Dimension befasst sich mit der Art und dem Grad der Bereitschaft von Ländern, wenn sie mit Mobilitätsdimensionen von Krisen konfrontiert sind, die entweder mit Katastrophen, der Umwelt und/oder Konflikten zusammenhängen. Die Fragen werden verwendet, um die Prozesse für Staatsangehörige und Ausländer sowohl während als auch Katastrophen zu ermitteln, einschließlich der Frage, ob humanitäre Hilfe für Migrantinnen und Migranten genauso verfügbar ist wir für Bürgerinnen und Bürger.
Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration
Sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration
Diese Dimension analysiert den Ansatz der Länder zum Migrationsmanagement bezüglich Grenzkontroll- und Grenzschutzmaßnahmen, Zulassungsvoraussetzungen für Migranten, Vorbereitung und Flexibilität bei erheblichen und unerwarteten Wanderungsbewegungen sowie die Bekämpfung des Menschenhandels und des Menschenschmuggels von Migrantinnen und Migranten. Es werden auch die Bemühungen und Anreize zur Unterstützung der Integration der zurückkehrenden Staatsbürgerinnen und -burger bewertet.
Key findings
INTRODUCTION
This country Profile describes examples of well-developed areas of Republic of Botswana’s governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated through the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimensions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.
Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.
The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with research and analysis from the Economist Impact. Funding is provided by IOM Member States.
Key findings
MIGRANTS’ RIGHTS
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Migrants with resident or work permits are authorized to pursue family reunification, and all migrants are eligible to apply for permanent residency if they meet the requirements in the Immigration Act (2010).
- Every citizen, regardless of location, has the right to participate in national elections.
- There are comprehensive provisions aimed at addressing xenophobia, violence, and discrimination including towards migrants.
Areas with potential for further development
- Migrants have access to health care, education, and social protection, although under different terms than citizens.
- Migrants on work permits cannot change jobs without obtaining a new permit.
- Provision in the Trade Act (2019) reserves certain trade activities for citizens of Botswana or companies that are wholly owned by citizens.
Key findings
WHOLE-OF-GOVERNMENT APPROACH
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Department of Immigration and Citizenship, under the Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs, is responsible for designing and coordinating the implementation of an overall migration policy in the country.
- Botswana has a clear and transparent set of rules and regulations pertaining to migration.
- Statistics Botswana is responsible for collecting and disseminating official statistics in the country, including on migration.
Areas with potential for further development
- There is no established coordination mechanism to formally engage the Department of Gender Affairs in agenda-setting and implementation of migration-related issues.
- In 2017, the Government initiated the process to develop a National Migration Policy and, as of August 2023, the policy is being updated for validation.
- There is no established coordination mechanism in place to compile and harmonize migration data collected by different government agencies, and there is no central repository of migration data in the country.
Key findings
PARTNERSHIPS
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Botswana is part of the Migration Dialogue for Southern Africa (MIDSA) and the Pan-African Forum on Migration.
- Botswana ratified the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Protocol on the Facilitation of Movement of Persons in 2005 and extended VISA exemptions to most SADC countries and signed MOUs with others on free movement.
- The Government has a number of bilateral platforms with its neighbours and other African countries which focus on cooperation on issues including migration.
Areas with potential for further development:
- Botswana adopted the SADC Labour Migration Policy Framework and implemented the SADC Labour Migration Action Plan but the modalities of promoting regional labour mobility have not been agreed.
- Civil society organizations, the private sector and members of the diaspora are only engaged in agenda-setting and implementation of migration-related issues on an irregular or ad-hoc basis.
Key findings
WELL-BEING OF MIGRANTS
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Statistics Botswana collects and publishes data on the labour market disaggregated by migration status and sex.
- International students who are granted access to tertiary education, study in Botswana at an international fee.
- Botswana Qualifications Authority (BQA) accredits foreign qualifications for most professions.
Areas with potential for further development
- There is no centralized labour market assessment on the demand for migrant workers or the effects of emigrants on the domestic labour market.
- There are no specific measures to promote gender equality for migrants in the labour force, though general provisions addressing workplace discrimination apply equally to citizens and migrants.
- There are no formal remittance schemes in place.
Key findings
MOBILITY DIMENSION OF CRISES
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Statistics Botswana publishes reports that contain statistics on various types of natural disasters, including floods.
- Botswana is a party to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (2015) and has a disaster management response framework made up of the National Policy on Disaster Management of 1996, National Disaster Risk Management Strategy of 2013-2018 and the National Disaster Risk Management Plan of 2009.
- While there is no travel advisory service, Botswana has issued ad hoc travel advisories to its citizens for specific regions and countries.
Areas with potential for further development
- The current disaster management framework does not include explicit provisions for assisting migrants nor does it contain provisions for managing large-scale population movements during times of crisis.
- Disaster communication systems or management tools in Botswana do not take into account the specific vulnerabilities that migrants may face.
- There are no specific provisions to make exceptions to the immigration procedures for migrants whose country of origin is experiencing a crisis.
Key findings
SAFE, ORDERLY AND DIGNIFIED MIGRATION
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Department of Immigration and Citizenship, under the Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs, and other agencies such as Botswana Defence Force, are responsible for integrated border control and security.
- Border staff receive regular training and on emerging issues such as trafficking in persons as well as from stakeholders like the University of Botswana.
- The Government maintains a webpage containing detailed information on immigration and civil registration, including visa types, and it implements an e-visa system since 2021.
- The Government implements criminal sanctions for human trafficking, as per the Anti-Human Trafficking Act (2014) and information on counter-trafficking activities is collected and published annually.
Areas with potential for further development
- There are general measures in place to combat labour exploitation which apply to migrants but are not specific to them.
- There are no formal cooperation arrangements or bilateral agreements with other countries to prevent or counter the smuggling of migrants.
