Indicators in this domain assess the extent to which migrants have the same status as citizens in terms of access to basic social services such as health, education, and social security. It also describes the rights of migrants to family reunification, to work, and to residency and citizenship. The ratification of the main international conventions is also included within this domain.
Indicators in this category look at the extent to which migrants have access to certain social services such as health, education and social security. They also examine measures to ensure integration and access to work.
Indicators in this domain assess countries’ institutional, legal, and regulatory frameworks related to migration policies. Domain 2 also reviews the existence of national migration strategies that are in-line with development, as well as institutional transparency and coherence in relation to migration management. This domain also investigates the extent to which governments collect and use migration data.
Indicators in this category assess the institutional frameworks of cities for migration. This area also examines the existence of migration strategies consistent with development objectives, as well as institutional transparency and coherence in migration management.
This domain focuses on countries’ efforts to cooperate on migration-related issues with other states and with relevant non-governmental actors, including civil society organizations and the private sector. Cooperation can lead to improvements in governance by aligning and raising standards, increasing dialogue and providing structures to overcome challenges.
Indicators in this category focus on cities’ efforts to cooperate on migration issues with the national government as well as other cities and relevant non-governmental actors, including civil society organizations and the private sector.
This domain includes indicators on countries’ policies for managing the socioeconomic well-being of migrants, through aspects such as the recognition of migrants’ educational and professional qualifications, provisions regulating student migration and the existence of bilateral labour agreements between countries. Indicators equally focus on policies and strategies related to diaspora engagement and migrant remittances.
Indicators in this category assess cities’ initiatives in terms of international student mobility, access to the labour market and decent working conditions for migrant workers. Aspects related to diaspora engagement and migrant remittances are also included in this domain.
This domain studies the type and level of preparedness of countries when they are faced with mobility dimensions of crises, linked to either disasters, the environment and/or conflict. The questions are used to identify the processes in place for nationals and non-nationals both during and after disasters, including whether humanitarian assistance is equally available to migrants as it is to citizens.
Indicators in this category examine the type and level of readiness of cities to deal with aspects of mobility crises. The questions focus on the processes in place for citizens and non-citizens both during and after disasters, especially if humanitarian assistance is available for migrants and citizens.
This domain analyses countries’ approach to migration management in terms of border control and enforcement policies, admission criteria for migrants, preparedness and resilience in the case of significant and unexpected migration flows, as well as the fight against trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants. It also assesses efforts and incentives to help integrate returning citizens.
Indicators in this category look at the cities’ approaches to migrant safety as well as return and reintegration policies and the fight against trafficking in persons.
This country Profile describes examples of well-developed areas of The Republic of Angola (hereafter referred to as Angola) migration governance structures and areas with potential for further development, as evaluated through the six domains of the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI). These address migrants’ rights, a “whole-of-government” approach, partnerships, socioeconomic well-being of migrants, the mobility dimensions of crises, and safe and orderly migration.
Click the icons on the wheel to explore the key findings.
The Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) initiative is a policy-benchmarking programme led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and implemented with research and analysis from the Economist Intelligence Unit. Funding is provided by IOM Member States.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Migrants with regular status have equal access as nationals to Government-funded education.
- Migrants, depending on their migratory status, have equal access as citizens to social protection.
- Migrants can apply for Angolan citizenship after residing in the country for at least 10 years.
Areas with potential for further development:
- Only migrants with regular status and whose country of origin has an agreement with Angola on the reciprocity of health-care provision may access Government-funded health services.
- All Angolan citizens living abroad have the right to vote in national elections. Nevertheless, voting from abroad was not possible for the 2012 and 2017 elections.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Institute Providing Support to Angolan Communities Abroad (IAECAE) supports the reintegration of nationals returning to Angola.
- Key migration stakeholders such as the Ministry of Interior (MOI) integrate the Angola Migration Policy into their respective working areas.
- The Migration and Foreigners Service’s (SME) website lists migration rules and regulations in Portuguese, English and French.
Areas with potential for further development:
- There is no lead government agency responsible for coordinating the implementation of the Angola Migration Policy.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- As a member of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP), Angola implements several mobility agreements with other CPLP members.
- Angola signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Zambia in 2019 that focuses on bilateral cooperation to combat drug trafficking, irregular migration, and transnational crime.
- In 2020, Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo signed an agreement related to the safe movement of people across their borders.
Areas with potential for further development:
- Angola only engages members of the diaspora in agenda-setting and the implementation of development policy on an ad hoc basis.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Angola considers migrants’ skills and capabilities when issuing a work permit.
- The National Institute for Evaluation, Accreditation and Recognition of Higher Education Studies (INAAREES) accredits education certificates obtained in other countries.
- International students have equal access as nationals to university education.
Areas with potential for further development:
- Angola does not collect labour market data disaggregated by migration status or sex.
- Angola takes measures to promote gender equality in the labour force, but none are specifically targeted at migrants.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- The Institute Providing Support to Angolan Communities Abroad (IAECAE), in cooperation with consulates and embassies, is responsible for providing support to nationals abroad in times of crisis.
- The Regulations on the Legal System for Foreigners and the Legal Regime for Foreign Citizens in the Republic of Angola grant exemptions from immigration procedures to migrants whose countries of origin are experiencing crisis.
Areas with potential for further development:
- Angola does not have a disaster risk reduction strategy with specific provisions to prevent and address the displacement impacts of disasters.
- Angola does not have communication systems taking into consideration migrants needs to provide information on the evolving nature of crises.
Migration Governance: examples of well-developed areas
- Angola has a mixed online and paper-based system for visa applications prior to arrival.
- The Interministerial Commission to Combat Human Trafficking has a regularly updated database to follow up on trafficking cases.
Areas with potential for further development:
- Visa overstays are not systematically monitored.
2021 April
